目录
前言
Python爬虫要经历爬虫、爬虫被限制、爬虫反限制的过程。当然后续还要网页爬虫限制优化，爬虫再反限制的一系列道高一尺魔高一丈的过程。爬虫的初级阶段，添加headers和ip代理可以解决很多问题。
本人自己在爬取豆瓣读书的时候,就以为爬取次数过多,直接被封了IP.后来就研究了代理IP的问题.
(当时不知道什么情况,差点心态就崩了...),下面给大家介绍一下我自己代理IP爬取数据的问题,请大家指出不足之处.
问题
这是我的IP被封了,一开始好好的,我还以为是我的代码问题了
思路：
从网上查找了一些关于爬虫代理IP的资料,得到下面的思路
爬取一些IP,过滤掉不可用.在requests的请求的proxies参数加入对应的IP.继续爬取.收工好吧,都是废话,理论大家都懂,上面直接上代码...思路有了,动手起来.
运行环境
Python 3.7, Pycharm
这些需要大家直接去搭建好环境...
准备工作
爬取IP地址的网站(国内高匿代理)校验IP地址的网站你之前被封IP的py爬虫脚本...上面的网址看个人的情况来选取
爬取IP的完整代码
PS:简单的使用bs4获取IP和端口号,没有啥难度,里面增加了一个过滤不可用IP的逻辑
关键地方都有注释了
#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time: 2018/11/22 # @Author: liangk # @Site: # @File: auto_archive_ios.py # @Software: PyCharm import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import json class GetIp(object): """抓取代理IP""" def __init__(self): """初始化变量""" self.url = self.check_url = self.ip_list = [] @staticmethod def get_html(url): """请求html页面信息""" header = { User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36 } try: request = requests.get(url=url, headers=header) request.encoding = utf-8 html = request.text return html except Exception as e: return def get_available_ip(self, ip_address, ip_port): """检测IP地址是否可用""" header = { User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36 } ip_url_next = :// + ip_address + : + ip_port proxies = {http: http + ip_url_next, https: https + ip_url_next} try: r = requests.get(self.check_url, headers=header, proxies=proxies, timeout=3) html = r.text except: print(fail-%s % ip_address) else: print(success-%s % ip_address) soup = BeautifulSoup(html, lxml) div = soup.find(class_=well) if div: print(div.text) ip_info = {address: ip_address, port: ip_port} self.ip_list.append(ip_info) def main(self): """主方法""" web_html = self.get_html(self.url) soup = BeautifulSoup(web_html, lxml) ip_list = soup.find(id=ip_list).find_all(tr) for ip_info in ip_list: td_list = ip_info.find_all(td) if len(td_list) > 0: ip_address = td_list[1].text ip_port = td_list[2].text # 检测IP地址是否有效 self.get_available_ip(ip_address, ip_port) # 写入有效文件 with open(ip.txt, w) as file: json.dump(self.ip_list, file) print(self.ip_list) # 程序主入口 if __name__ == __main__: get_ip = GetIp() get_ip.main()使用方法完整代码
PS: 主要是通过使用随机的IP来爬取,根据request_status来判断这个IP是否可以用.
为什么要这样判断?
主要是虽然上面经过了过滤,但是不代表在你爬取的时候是可以用的,所以还是得多做一个判断.
#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time: 2018/11/22 # @Author: liangk # @Site: # @File: get_douban_books.py # @Software: PyCharm from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import datetime import requests import json import random ip_random = -1 article_tag_list = [] article_type_list = [] def get_html(url): header = { User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36 } global ip_random ip_rand, proxies = get_proxie(ip_random) print(proxies) try: request = requests.get(url=url, headers=header, proxies=proxies, timeout=3) except: request_status = 500 else: request_status = request.status_code print(request_status) while request_status != 200: ip_random = -1 ip_rand, proxies = get_proxie(ip_random) print(proxies) try: request = requests.get(url=url, headers=header, proxies=proxies, timeout=3) except: request_status = 500 else: request_status = request.status_code print(request_status) ip_random = ip_rand request.encoding = gbk html = request.content print(html) return html def get_proxie(random_number): with open(ip.txt, r) as file: ip_list = json.load(file) if random_number == -1: random_number = random.randint(0, len(ip_list) - 1) ip_info = ip_list[random_number] ip_url_next = :// + ip_info[address] + : + ip_info[port] proxies = {http: http + ip_url_next, https: https + ip_url_next} return random_number, proxies # 程序主入口 if __name__ == __main__: """只是爬取了书籍的第一页,按照评价排序""" start_time = datetime.datetime.now() url = ?view=type&icn=index-sorttags-all base_url = html = get_html(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(html, lxml) article_tag_list = soup.find_all(class_=tag-content-wrapper) tagCol_list = soup.find_all(class_=tagCol) for table in tagCol_list: """ 整理分析数据 """ sub_type_list = [] a = table.find_all(a) for book_type in a: sub_type_list.append(book_type.text) article_type_list.append(sub_type_list) for sub in article_type_list: for sub1 in sub: title = ============== + sub1 + ============== print(title) print(base_url + sub1 + ?start=0 + &type=S) with open(book.text, a, encoding=utf-8) as f: f.write(\n + title + \n) f.write(url + \n) for start in range(0, 2): # (start * 20) 分页是0 2040 这样的 # type=S是按评价排序 url = base_url + sub1 + ?start=%s % (start * 20) + &type=S html = get_html(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(html, lxml) li = soup.find_all(class_=subject-item) for div in li: info = div.find(class_=info).find(a) img = div.find(class_=pic).find(img) content = 书名:<%s> % info[title] + 书本图片: + img[src] + \n print(content) with open(book.text, a, encoding=utf-8) as f: f.write(content) end_time = datetime.datetime.now() print(耗时: , (end_time - start_time).seconds)为什么选择国内高匿代理!
总结
使用这样简单的代理IP,基本上就可以应付在爬爬爬着被封IP的情况了.而且没有使用自己的IP,间接的保护
大家有其他的更加快捷的方法，欢迎大家可以拿出来交流和讨论，谢谢。
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